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Updated: May 12, 2025

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Stepping and tapping: combining motor tasks improves cognitive classification.

Kaylee D Rudd1, Michele L Callisaya2,3, Katherine Lawler1,4

  • 1Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.

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|May 8, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining gait and key-tapping measures improves the classification of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These motor functions correlate and offer distinct insights into cognitive decline, aiding in earlier detection.

Keywords:
DementiaDigital biomarkerGaitISLANDMild cognitive impairmentSubjective cognitive impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Gait and key-tapping are independently linked to cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.
  • The correlation between these specific motor functions and their combined diagnostic utility for cognitive impairment remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between gait and key-tapping measures.
  • To assess if combining these motor measures enhances the classification accuracy of dementia, MCI, and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) compared to individual measures or demographic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited participants with dementia, MCI, SCI, and healthy controls (HC).
  • Assessed fast-paced gait and key-tapping using electronic walkway and keyboard, analyzing speed, frequency, variability, and contact.
  • Employed Pearson's correlation for motor measure associations and receiver-operating-characteristic curves (AUC) for classification accuracy analysis.

Main Results:

  • Gait and key-tapping measures showed moderate correlations.
  • Combined gait and key-tapping speed significantly improved classification accuracy for dementia (AUC .97) and MCI (AUC .91) compared to gait alone or demographic models.
  • Motor measures were associated with specific dementia types (Alzheimer's vs. vascular) and MCI subtypes (non-amnestic).

Conclusions:

  • Gait and key-tapping measures are correlated but capture different aspects of motor-cognitive associations.
  • Combining gait and key-tapping measures enhances the classification of dementia and MCI, suggesting their value in objective cognitive assessment.
  • These findings support further investigation into combined motor assessments for understanding and diagnosing cognitive impairment.