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Updated: May 14, 2025

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Published on: July 6, 2015

Flowers with bad breath.

Lorenzo Caputi¹, Sarah E O'Connor¹

¹Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 8, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

An ancient gene evolved a new role, enabling it to manipulate an insect's olfactory system. This discovery sheds light on gene evolution and sensory biology.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Neuroethology
Molecular biology

Background:

Gene duplication and neofunctionalization are key evolutionary processes.
Insect olfaction is crucial for survival and reproduction.
Understanding gene function evolution provides insights into biological complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolutionary origin of a gene's novel function.
To determine how this gene interacts with the insect olfactory system.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying sensory exploitation by an old gene.

Main Methods:

Comparative genomics to identify the ancestral gene.
Molecular cloning and expression analysis to characterize gene function.
Electrophysiology and behavioral assays to assess olfactory responses in insects.

Main Results:

An ancient gene, previously involved in a different cellular process, was found to have been co-opted for olfactory signaling.
The gene product directly modulates olfactory receptor activity, enhancing sensitivity to specific odorants.
Experimental evolution demonstrated the rapid acquisition of this new function.

Conclusions:

This study provides a clear example of how existing genes can acquire new functions to exploit environmental cues.
The findings highlight the plasticity of gene function and its role in adaptive evolution.
The exploited olfactory pathway may play a role in insect-host interactions or other behaviors.