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Altered brain function and structure in youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Allison L B Shapiro1,2, Phoom Narongkiatikhun3,4, Ye Ji Choi3

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Summary

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) is linked to altered brain function and structure. This study found Y-T2D impacts brain connectivity and gray matter volume in young adults.

Keywords:
brain functionbrain structureobesityyouth-onset type 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) has an aggressive clinical course.
  • Adults with type 2 diabetes exhibit cognitive dysfunction and poor brain health.
  • The effects of Y-T2D on brain health remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize brain function and structure in young adults with Y-T2D.
  • To compare brain attributes in Y-T2D to peers with obesity alone (OB) or healthy weight (HW).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Assessed functional connectivity using seed-to-voxel analysis.
  • Explored gray matter (GM) volume differences between Y-T2D, OB, and HW groups.

Main Results:

  • The Y-T2D group (n=12) exhibited stronger functional connectivity between the salience and default mode networks compared to OB (n=8) and HW (n=20) groups.
  • Y-T2D participants showed reduced GM volume in brain regions critical for executive functioning, language, and visual processing.
  • Significant differences were observed in both functional connectivity (P < .05) and GM volume (P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Y-T2D is associated with distinct alterations in brain function and structure.
  • These findings suggest potentially compromised brain health in young individuals with Y-T2D.
  • Highlights the need for early intervention and monitoring of brain health in Y-T2D.