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Related Experiment Videos

Proinsulin and C-peptide: a review.

A E Kitabchi

    Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
    |May 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Proinsulin is the precursor to insulin, and its measurement is now possible with new techniques. Specific C-peptide measurement aids in assessing beta-cell function in diabetes and insulinoma patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Proinsulin is the biosynthetic precursor of insulin in humans and other species.
    • Conversion of proinsulin in the pancreas yields equimolar amounts of insulin and C-peptide.
    • Previous immunoassays lacked specificity for proinsulin and C-peptide.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review significant findings on proinsulin and C-peptide since 1972.
    • To highlight advancements in specific measurement of human C-peptide and proinsulin.
    • To assess the clinical utility of specific C-peptide and proinsulin measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on proinsulin and C-peptide.
    • Separation of human C-peptide and proinsulin in plasma using Sepharose particles.
    • Enzymatic degradation of insulin to measure proinsulin in plasma.
    • Comparison with column chromatography.

    Main Results:

    • Specific measurement of human C-peptide is now feasible, aiding beta-cell function assessment.
    • Proinsulin values in lean, young normal subjects show minimal variation.
    • Older individuals and certain diabetic groups (obese, pregnant) show higher proinsulin percentages.
    • Hyperinsulinemic states like insulinoma and genetic hyperproinsulinemia are linked to increased proinsulin percentages.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific C-peptide measurement is a valuable tool for assessing beta-cell function.
    • Proinsulin measurement provides insights into various physiological and pathological conditions.
    • Further investigation into potential new proinsulin intermediates is warranted.

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