Study on the role and function of RRS1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

RRS1 (regulator of ribosome synthesis 1) has been identified as a critical factor in the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of some cancer's cells. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis and GEO database studies demonstrated significantly higher RRS1 expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC) tissues and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) compared to normal skin. To further investigate RRS1's role, a lentiviral transduction method was used to establish an RRS1 knockdown model in A431 cells. Following RRS1 knockdown, MTT, Celigo scratch, and Transwell assays revealed a significant reduction in A431 cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasiveness. Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR identified notable changes in genes related to these cellular processes, while transcriptome sequencing highlighted five key genes-protein kinase C delta(PRKCD), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4(TRPV4), ankyrin 1(ANK1), and phospholipase A2 group VI(PLA2G6)-showing significantly reduced expression after RRS1 knockdown. These findings suggest that RRS1 plays a crucial role in promoting cSCC tumor cell growth and dissemination and highlight its potential as a novel therapeutic target.