Harm reduction interventions for AYA who use opioids: A scoping review

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Adolescent Medicine
• Substance Use Research

Background:

• Adolescents and young adults (AYA) face significant risks from substance use.
• Current harm reduction programs are not adequately meeting the needs of AYA.
• There is a lack of research on harm reduction interventions specifically designed for AYA.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and synthesize existing harm reduction interventions for adolescents and young adults.
• To understand AYA's engagement with and preferences for harm reduction strategies.
• To inform the development of more effective, youth-centered harm reduction programs.

Main Methods:

• Scoping review of multiple electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science).
• Inclusion of studies focusing on harm reduction interventions for AYA.
• Thematic analysis and narrative synthesis of findings from 58 included studies.

Main Results:

• AYA exhibit distinct substance use patterns and engage with harm reduction differently than adults.
• AYA are receptive to harm reduction and participate informally.
• Effective interventions for AYA include naloxone training, fentanyl test strips, and safe injection facilities.
• AYA prefer convenient, private programs that foster long-term relationships with providers and communities.
• Virtual programming, telehealth, and delivery services show promise for AYA.

Conclusions:

• Youth-centered harm reduction programs are crucial for AYA.
• Programs should prioritize privacy, safety, and convenience.
• A diverse range of services tailored to AYA substance use patterns is necessary.
• Mobile and virtual service delivery options are important.
• Building and utilizing community and networks enhances program effectiveness.