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Paediatric screening in Italy as a gateway to secondary prevention in type 1 diabetes

M V Messina1, P Pozzilli2, S Zampetti3

  • 1Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|May 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Italy mandates national pediatric screening for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) in children aged 1-17. This initiative aims for early detection, preventing complications and advancing T1D research.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) are autoimmune conditions often diagnosed late.
  • Early detection and prevention strategies are crucial for managing pediatric autoimmune diseases.
  • Italy's new law mandates a national screening program for T1D and CD in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore Italy's pioneering national pediatric screening initiative for T1D and CD.
  • To highlight the law's aim for early detection and secondary prevention in asymptomatic children.
  • To discuss the role of autoantibody screening and novel therapies like teplizumab.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a national, legally mandated screening program for children aged 1-17.
  • Utilizing autoantibody screening for T1D and CD to identify presymptomatic individuals.
  • Considering teplizumab for delaying T1D onset in stage 2 patients.

Main Results:

  • The law enables early T1D detection, reducing the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis.
  • Screening refines risk prediction for T1D and CD.
  • The initiative will enhance understanding of T1D pathogenesis and progression.

Conclusions:

  • Italy's law establishes a comprehensive approach to pediatric autoimmune disease screening.
  • Early detection and prevention strategies are key to improving outcomes for T1D and CD.
  • Insights gained will inform tailored prevention strategies and clinical trial design.

Keywords:
Clinical trialsPreventionScreeningType 1 diabetes

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