A Comprehensive Approach to Stiffness in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Arthroplasty Research
• Biomedical Science

Background:

• Knee stiffness is a significant complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
• Arthrofibrosis, a primary cause of TKA stiffness, involves excessive scar tissue formation.
• Understanding the multifactorial nature of TKA stiffness is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current knowledge on knee stiffness in primary and revision TKA.
• To review the genetic basis and risk factors contributing to arthrofibrosis.
• To outline treatment strategies for TKA stiffness.

Main Methods:

• The article is a summary of a symposium presentation.
• It synthesizes information on genetics, risk factors, and treatment of arthrofibrosis.
• Evidence Level V (expert opinion/consensus).

Main Results:

• Identified genetic factors influencing arthrofibrosis susceptibility.
• Highlighted key preoperative and perioperative risk factors for TKA stiffness.
• Discussed optimization of modifiable risk factors to prevent stiffness.
• Presented early and late treatment options for persistent knee stiffness post-TKA.

Conclusions:

• Comprehensive understanding of arthrofibrosis is essential for TKA success.
• Proactive management of risk factors and timely intervention are critical.
• Multimodal treatment approaches are necessary for refractory TKA stiffness.