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Bubbler System Design for Regulating Media Oxygen Levels in an Open Testing Environment.

Margaret H Capalbo¹, Spencer E Szczesny²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, CBE Building Suite 122, University Park, PA 16802.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

|May 9, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel bubbler system to create hypoxic conditions for tendon explant research outside incubators. The system effectively lowers oxygen levels, aiding the study of tendinopathy mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Orthopedics

Background:

Hypoxia (low oxygen) influences biological processes and is implicated in tendon degeneration, particularly with mechanical stress.
Tendon explant studies are valuable for investigating these factors but typically require controlled incubator environments.
Existing methods limit experimental flexibility due to incubator dependency.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and optimize a bubbler system for creating hypoxic conditions in an open environment.
To facilitate tendon explant experiments without relying on incubators.
To investigate the mechanisms driving tendinopathy.

Main Methods:

Designed a bubbler system to control oxygen levels in an open experimental setup.
Optimized parameters including basin volume, surface area-to-volume ratio, total system volume, and pump flow rate.
Evaluated system sensitivity to different parameters for achieving low oxygen levels.

Main Results:

The bubbler system successfully achieved and maintained hypoxic levels.
Total system volume and pump flow rate were identified as key factors influencing oxygen reduction.
Higher values for system volume and flow rate correlated with lower oxygen readings.

Conclusions:

The developed bubbler system provides a viable method for conducting tendon explant experiments under hypoxia in open environments.
This system overcomes incubator limitations, enabling future research into tendinopathy mechanisms.
The findings support further investigation into hypoxia's role in tendon degeneration.