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5G EMF Exposure at 3.6 GHz in Greece Using Data From Frequency-Selective Monitoring Sensors.

Serafeim Iakovidis1, Athanasios Manassas1, Christos Apostolidis1

  • 1CIRI-Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece.

Bioelectromagnetics
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from 5G networks is increasing but remains below safety limits. Continuous monitoring is crucial for tracking 5G EMF levels and ensuring public safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Telecommunications Engineering
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Public concern exists regarding electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from 5G networks.
  • 5G technology utilizes higher frequency bands, necessitating investigation into EMF levels.
  • Assessing EMF exposure is vital for ensuring compliance with safety guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends and variations in EMF exposure in the 3.6 GHz band.
  • To evaluate EMF levels in Greece's largest cities during 5G rollout.
  • To assess compliance with international EMF safety standards.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous monitoring of EMF levels using 13 frequency-selective sensors over 2 years (August 2022-October 2024).
  • Focus on the 3.6 GHz band, analyzing trends and weekly variations.
  • Application of ICNIRP 2020 guidelines for EMF exposure assessment.

Main Results:

  • A gradual increase in EMF exposure at 3.6 GHz was observed, correlated with 5G infrastructure and device penetration.
  • The 3.6 GHz band showed higher maximum-to-median power density ratios due to active antenna systems and traffic.
  • 30-minute averaged EMF values significantly reduced observed variations.
  • All measured EMF levels, including maximums, were below established safety limits.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous monitoring is essential for assessing EMF exposure from telecommunications networks.
  • Increasing EMF levels at 3.6 GHz warrant ongoing surveillance.
  • Measured EMF levels remain within safe limits, confirming adherence to ICNIRP 2020 guidelines.