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Explosive volcanic eruptions can act as carbon sinks.

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Volcanic eruptions bury significant soil organic carbon, creating a regional carbon sink. This tephra burial process stores more carbon than emitted by the eruptions, making volcanism a net carbon-negative event.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Soil Science
  • Volcanology

Background:

  • Volcanic soils, despite covering ~1% of land, hold over 5% of global soil organic carbon.
  • Tephra deposition from explosive eruptions is a poorly quantified process for carbon storage in volcanic soils.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the carbon storage potential of tephra-buried soils.
  • To assess the net carbon impact of explosive volcanism on volcanic regions.

Main Methods:

  • Field measurements of carbon burial by tephra.
  • Development of a modeling framework to estimate Holocene carbon storage.
  • Comparison of stored carbon with CO2 emissions from source eruptions.

Main Results:

  • Single volcanic eruptions can bury substantial amounts of stable organic carbon.
  • An estimated 1.1 Pg C is stored in Ecuador's volcanic soils due to Holocene tephra deposition.
  • The stored carbon stock exceeds the cumulative CO2 emissions from the responsible eruptions.

Conclusions:

  • Explosive volcanism acts as a significant regional carbon sink through repeated burial of organic carbon.
  • Tephra-induced carbon burial in volcanic soils results in net carbon-negative events over time.