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Exploring Potential Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using Postmortem In Situ Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Dominique Neuhaus1,2, Maria Janina Wendebourg3,4, Nikolaus Deigendesch5,6

  • 1Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

NMR in Biomedicine
|May 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postmortem MRI scans reveal potential differences in brain water diffusion and relaxation times in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These findings may aid in developing new MRI biomarkers for ALS diagnosis and prognosis.

Keywords:
DTIMRIamyotrophic lateral sclerosisbiomarkerhistologypostmortemrelaxometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuropathology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) urgently requires reliable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy management.
  • Postmortem (PM) in situ MRI offers a unique approach to evaluate the end-stage of ALS without formalin fixation artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore potential MRI biomarkers for ALS by analyzing postmortem brains.
  • To investigate differences in diffusion and relaxometry metrics between ALS and healthy control (HC) brains.

Main Methods:

  • Performed 3 Tesla whole-brain PM in situ MRI on five ALS and seven HC individuals.
  • Assessed fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, T1, T2, and T2* in various brain regions.
  • Validated diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in the hippocampus using histological myelin density analysis.

Main Results:

  • Potential reductions in mean diffusivity, T1, and T2* in white matter, and T2 in deep grey matter were observed in the ALS group compared to HC.
  • Mean diffusivity was potentially reduced in the hippocampus of ALS patients, but histopathology showed no difference in myelin density.
  • Exploratory analysis suggests diffusivity and relaxometry variations in end-stage ALS brains.

Conclusions:

  • Postmortem in situ MRI reveals potential differences in diffusivity and relaxometry between ALS and HC brains.
  • These findings may contribute to developing novel MRI diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ALS.
  • Larger sample sizes and further histological studies are necessary to confirm results and elucidate underlying mechanisms.