Antimony-Hybridization Engineering in p-n Heterojunctions for Optimized Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

The Sb-hybridization strategy enables the precise construction of p-n heterojunctions, which significantly enhances the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance by optimizing the interface polarization. In this study, an innovative in situ ion-exchange method is developed to implement Sb hybridization, establishing built-in electric fields within CoS₂/Sb₂S₃@CNFs that amplify the polarization relaxation loss. This structural design synergistically combines a carbon-skeleton-induced conductive network with the magnetic loss mechanisms of CoS₂, ultimately yielding an exceptional EMW absorber. The optimized composite demonstrates remarkable EMW attenuation capabilities, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -57.53 dB at 2 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) of 7.28 GHz (covering the X-band (8-12 GHz) and Ku-band (12-18 GHz)). This study not only provides a novel strategy for designing advanced EMW absorbers but also highlights the significance of p-n heterojunction engineering for EMW absorption in functional composites.