Interventional neuromodulation techniques for cervicogenic headache

Cervicogenic headache is a debilitating secondary headache condition that reduces the quality of life for many. Its etiology involves pathologies in one or more of the complex cervical structures, such as cervical muscles, ligaments, facet joints, intervertebral discs, and C1-3 nerve roots. Mainstream conservative treatments, such as medication and physical therapy, are designed to address these underlying pathologies. In addition, recent advancements in neurostimulation techniques can aid in treatment-resistant or intolerant cases. This narrative review aims to critically evaluate the current treatment options for cervicogenic headaches, with a special emphasis on the efficacy of novel neuromodulation techniques and identifying their strength and limitations in treating cervicogenic headaches.