APOE- ε4 Modulates Facial Neuromuscular Activity in Nondemented Adults: Toward Sensitive Speech-Based Diagnostics for Alzheimer's Disease
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.The APOE-ε4 gene variant impacts oral muscle function, affecting speech. Surface electromyography (EMG) measures show potential as early Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, detecting changes before cognitive decline.
Area Of Science
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Biomarkers
Background
- The APOE-ε4 allele is a known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).
- APOE-ε4's impact extends beyond cognition to motor functions, potentially involving mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the APOE-ε4 allele's influence on neuromuscular function in oral muscles used for speech.
- To evaluate the efficacy of surface electromyography (EMG) measures in distinguishing APOE-ε4 carriers from noncarriers.
Main Methods
- Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record activity from seven craniofacial muscles during speech tasks in 42 cognitively intact adults (16 APOE-ε4 carriers, 26 noncarriers).
- Seventy EMG features (amplitude, frequency, complexity, regularity, functional connectivity) were extracted and analyzed for genotype and sex effects, and correlations with metabolic biomarkers.
Main Results
- APOE-ε4 carriers displayed increased motor unit recruitment and synchronization, indicative of accelerated muscle fatigue.
- EMG-based measures demonstrated superior accuracy (AUC = 0.90) in differentiating carriers compared to cognitive tests.
- Significant sex differences were observed: female carriers showed reduced functional connectivity, while male carriers exhibited increased connectivity.
Conclusions
- Speech-based neuromuscular changes, detectable via EMG, may serve as early indicators of Alzheimer's disease risk.
- These findings suggest that alterations in oral motor function precede cognitive impairment in APOE-ε4 carriers.
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