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Updated: May 12, 2025

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Chronotype Predicts Body Mass Index via Emotion Regulation Strategy Use and Emotional Eating.

Gregory S Keenan1, Sakina Hosseni2, Robert C A Bendall2,3

  • 1School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.

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|May 9, 2025
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Summary

Evening chronotypes are linked to higher body mass index through emotion regulation and emotional eating. Morning chronotypes use cognitive reappraisal, reducing emotional eating and body mass index.

Keywords:
body mass indexchronotypecognitive reappraisalemotion regulationemotional eatingexpressive suppressionmorningness‐eveningness

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Chronobiology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Rising global obesity rates present a significant public health challenge.
  • Evening chronotypes are associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and poorer dietary habits.
  • The precise mechanisms linking chronotype to BMI require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the indirect relationship between chronotype and BMI.
  • To investigate the mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies and emotional eating in this association.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed validated questionnaires for chronotype, emotion regulation, mental well-being, and emotional eating.
  • Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported weight and height.
  • Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized indirect pathways.

Main Results:

  • Chronotype indirectly predicted BMI through emotion regulation and emotional eating.
  • Evening chronotypes utilized more expressive suppression, leading to increased emotional eating and higher BMI.
  • Morning chronotypes favored cognitive reappraisal, associated with reduced emotional eating and lower BMI.

Conclusions:

  • A sequential pathway exists where chronotype influences emotion regulation, which in turn affects emotional eating and subsequent BMI.
  • Evening chronotypes face a higher risk of weight gain due to maladaptive emotion regulation and emotional eating patterns.
  • Interventions targeting emotion regulation and emotional eating are crucial for obesity reduction strategies, particularly for evening-type individuals.