Dynamic evolution of fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas: prenatal diagnosis and postnatal echocardiographic insights

Rhabdomyoma is the most common cardiac tumor in fetuses, frequently associated with tuberous sclerosis complex, particularly in cases with multiple tumors and a positive family history (1). Our aim is to retrospectively evaluate four fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma cases diagnosed via fetal echocardiography, with an emphasis on the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary postnatal follow-up to better understand the variable clinical course and optimize management strategies.

Cardiac rhabdomyomas require early prenatal recognition and genetic counseling to manage potential cardiac and extracardiac complications. A multidisciplinary follow-up approach enhances postnatal outcomes and informs the management of future pregnancies.

• Fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors in utero and are often associated with tuberous sclerosis complex.

• This case series highlights the diverse postnatal tumor behaviors-including growth, stability, and regression-emphasizing the need for individualized follow-up.