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A Scoping Review of Youth Overdose Prevention Interventions

Cala M Renehan, Moriah Wiggins, Radhika Puppala

    Journal of Addiction Medicine
    |May 9, 2025
    PubMed
    Abstract

    Insights

    Youth opioid overdose deaths are rising. This review found few prevention programs, with limited data on their effectiveness in reducing overdoses. More research and development are urgently needed.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Adolescent Health
    • Substance Use Prevention

    Background:

    • Youth opioid overdose deaths have significantly increased recently.
    • This trend occurred despite a general decline in substance use prevalence among young people.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and summarize existing youth overdose prevention interventions.
    • To determine needs for refining, implementing, and disseminating these interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Scoping review using adapted PRISMA Checklist (2010-2023).
    • Searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, US government institutions, and news outlets.
    • Synthesized key characteristics of identified youth overdose prevention programs.

    Main Results:

    • Identified 16 unique youth overdose prevention programs (9 peer-reviewed, 7 gray literature).
    • Eight programs showed improved overdose prevention knowledge.
    • Most programs lack evaluation data on effectiveness in reducing opioid overdoses.

    Conclusions:

    • A limited number of youth-specific overdose prevention interventions were identified.
    • Urgent need exists to develop, implement, and test interventions addressing identified gaps.
    Keywords:
    harm reductionnaloxoneoverdose preventionyouth

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