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Carboxyl-Functionalized Sulfonium Additive for Improved Crystallization and Defect Passivation in Ternary Cation
Appiagyei Ewusi Mensah1, Sanjay Sandhu1, Md Mahbubur Rahman2
1Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Korea.
Chemsuschem
|May 9, 2025
Summary
This study introduces 2-(carboxyethyl) (dimethyl)sulfonium bromide (CDMSBr) as an additive for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). CDMSBr enhances crystal growth and stability, boosting efficiency for both sunlight and indoor lighting applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Photovoltaics
Background:
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show promise for renewable energy but face challenges in stability and efficiency.
- Ternary cation perovskites (CsFAMA) offer improved performance but require further optimization.
- Additives are crucial for controlling perovskite crystallization and passivating defects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of 2-(carboxyethyl) (dimethyl)sulfonium bromide (CDMSBr) as an additive in CsFAMA perovskite solar cells.
- To evaluate the effects of CDMSBr on perovskite crystal morphology, photovoltaic performance, and operational stability.
- To understand the mechanism by which CDMSBr enhances PSCs under various lighting conditions.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of CsFAMA perovskite films with varying CDMSBr concentrations.
- Fabrication and testing of PSC devices under 1-sun and indoor lighting conditions (1000-lx, LED 5000 K).
- Analysis of perovskite crystal structure, grain size, and defect density using advanced characterization techniques.
- Long-term stability testing of PSC devices under ambient conditions.
Main Results:
- CDMSBr additive promotes the formation of larger, more uniform perovskite grains with improved crystallinity.
- Optimized CsFAMA PSCs with CDMSBr achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.02% under 1-sun and 38.79% under indoor lighting.
- The additive effectively passivates defects and reduces trap density, leading to enhanced charge carrier dynamics.
- Devices maintained 88.53% of their initial PCE after 960 hours of operation in ambient conditions, demonstrating significant stability improvement.
Conclusions:
- CDMSBr acts as a dual-function additive, improving perovskite morphology and passivating defects.
- The use of CDMSBr significantly enhances both the power conversion efficiency and operational stability of CsFAMA perovskite solar cells.
- Carboxyl-functionalized sulfonium compounds represent a promising class of additives for advancing perovskite solar cell technology.
