Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Plant Tissue Culture

Plant Tissue Culture

Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.

Meristems and Plant Growth

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Freeze-Dried Extracts of <i>Eruca sativa</i> Selectively Inhibit Nuclear Factor-κB and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Preventive nutrition and food science·2026

Same author

Hypervalent iodine-mediated cyclization of <i>N</i>-vinyl amides for the synthesis of 4-functionalized dihydrooxazolines.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026

Same author

A High-Entropy Strategy for Chemoresistive Ethanol Sensors With Remarkably Rapid and Selective Response.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

<i>Weissella viridescens</i> Bacteremia Associated with Acute Cholangitis: a Case Report.

Annals of laboratory medicine·2026

Same author

Facilitators and Barriers to Participation in the US Department of Agriculture's Summer Nutrition Programs for Kids Meals Programs Among Parents of Elementary School-Aged Children After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Secondary Analysis of Cross-Sectional Survey Data.

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics·2026

Same author

Challenges and alternatives to empirical orthogonal functions for earth system data.

Scientific reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2025

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth

Published on: July 1, 2019

Optimizing plant size for vertical farming by editing stem length regulators.

Yoonseo Lim¹, Myeong-Gyun Seo¹, Jiwoo Lee¹

¹Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.

Plant Biotechnology Journal

|May 9, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic editing of gibberellin 3-oxidase genes in tomatoes created compact plants ideal for vertical farming. This optimization enhances space efficiency and yield potential in controlled environments.

Keywords:

CRISPR GA3ox gibberellin plant size tomato vertical farming

More Related Videos

An Optimized Rhizobox Protocol to Visualize Root Growth and Responsiveness to Localized Nutrients

An Optimized Rhizobox Protocol to Visualize Root Growth and Responsiveness to Localized Nutrients

Published on: October 22, 2018

Development of Microfluidic Devices to Study the Elongation Capability of Tip-growing Plant Cells in Extremely Small Spaces

Development of Microfluidic Devices to Study the Elongation Capability of Tip-growing Plant Cells in Extremely Small Spaces

Published on: May 22, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2025

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth

Published on: July 1, 2019

An Optimized Rhizobox Protocol to Visualize Root Growth and Responsiveness to Localized Nutrients

An Optimized Rhizobox Protocol to Visualize Root Growth and Responsiveness to Localized Nutrients

Published on: October 22, 2018

Development of Microfluidic Devices to Study the Elongation Capability of Tip-growing Plant Cells in Extremely Small Spaces

Development of Microfluidic Devices to Study the Elongation Capability of Tip-growing Plant Cells in Extremely Small Spaces

Published on: May 22, 2018

Area of Science:

Plant Science
Genetics
Agricultural Technology

Background:

Vertical farming provides a controlled environment for crop cultivation, mitigating climate change impacts.
Optimizing plant architecture is crucial for fruit-bearing crops like tomatoes in vertical farming systems.
Gibberellin 3-oxidase (GA3ox) genes regulate plant stem elongation, influencing overall plant stature.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of specific SlGA3ox genes in tomato plant architecture.
To develop tomato varieties with enhanced suitability for vertical farming through targeted gene editing.
To assess the impact of SlGA3ox gene modifications on plant size, architecture, and yield.

Main Methods:

Multiplex CRISPR genome editing was employed to target the coding regions of SlGA3ox3, SlGA3ox4, and SlGA3ox5 genes in tomato.
Phenotypic analysis of single and double mutants was conducted to evaluate changes in plant stature and architecture.
Yield trials and vertical farm cultivation were performed to correlate plant size with yield and assess suitability for space-efficient farming.

Main Results:

The slga3ox4 single mutant showed a slight reduction in shoot length, resulting in a smaller plant stature.
The slga3ox3 slga3ox4 double mutant exhibited a more compact shoot architecture with minimal physiological changes.
Vertical farm cultivation confirmed that slga3ox3 slga3ox4 plants are markedly compact, demonstrating potential for space-efficient cultivation.

Conclusions:

Targeted manipulation of SlGA3ox genes, particularly SlGA3ox3 and SlGA3ox4, can effectively tailor tomato plant architecture.
The compact phenotype of slga3ox3 slga3ox4 mutants is advantageous for space-constrained vertical farming environments.
Hormone biosynthetic gene editing presents a viable strategy for optimizing crop plants for advanced agricultural systems like vertical farming.