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Maternal Asthma and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: An Analysis of 434,068 Pregnancies in Canada

Subhabrata Moitra1, Anamaria Savu2, Isabella Annesi-Maesano3

  • 1Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Bagchi School of Public Health, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|May 9, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Maternal asthma, especially active cases, increases risks for preterm birth, low birth weight, and C-sections. Asthma phenotypes also influence these adverse perinatal outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pulmonology
  • Perinatal Health

Background:

  • Maternal asthma is a known risk factor for childhood asthma and allergies.
  • Limited data exists on how maternal asthma phenotypes impact perinatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal asthma and adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • To explore the influence of maternal asthma phenotypes on preterm birth, low birth weight, and cesarean deliveries.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of singleton live-birth pregnancies in Alberta (2009-2018).
  • Maternal asthma identified via ICD codes, categorized by status (ever, current, active) and phenotypes (high/low blood eosinophil/neutrophil counts).
  • Perinatal outcomes included preterm birth (<37 weeks), low birth weight (≤2500g), and cesarean delivery.

Main Results:

  • 8.6% of 434,068 pregnancies involved maternal asthma.
  • Maternal asthma correlated with increased risks of preterm birth (aRR 1.15), low birth weight (aRR 1.11), and cesarean delivery (aRR 1.10).
  • Risks were highest with active asthma and specific high blood eosinophil/neutrophil phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Any history of maternal asthma elevates risks for preterm birth, low birth weight, and cesarean delivery.
  • Active maternal asthma presents the highest risk for these adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • Asthma phenotypes, particularly those with high eosinophil and neutrophil counts, are associated with increased perinatal risks.
Abstract

Keywords:
C-sectionLow birth weightNeonatal outcomePregnancyPreterm birth

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