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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2025

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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[Rheumatic shoulder joints in childhood].

Daniel Windschall1,2, Hartmut Bork3,4, Faekah Gohar3

  • 1Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Rheumatologisches Kompetenzzentrum Nordwestdeutschland St. Josef-Stift-Sendenhorst, Westtor 7, 48324, Sendenhorst, Deutschland. windschall@st-josef-stift.de.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|May 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can affect the shoulder, leading to immobility if untreated. Early diagnosis via imaging and tailored treatments, including medications and physiotherapy, are crucial for managing pediatric shoulder arthritis.

Keywords:
Joint immobilityJuvenile idiopathic arthritisOmarthritisPharmacotherapyPhysiotherapyShoulder joint arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Orthopedics

Context:

  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) commonly affects the knee but can involve the shoulder joint in a subset of patients.
  • Shoulder involvement in JIA is more prevalent in polyarticular or chronic disease patterns.
  • Untreated shoulder arthritis in JIA can result in significant joint immobility and destructive changes.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing shoulder joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
  • To emphasize the role of clinical examination and advanced imaging in early detection of pediatric shoulder arthritis.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for pediatric shoulder arthritis within the JIA framework.

Summary:

  • Early shoulder joint arthritis in JIA, though less common at onset, requires prompt identification and intervention.
  • Imaging modalities are essential for verifying early shoulder involvement and guiding treatment decisions in JIA.
  • Treatment approaches encompass pharmacotherapy (methotrexate, biologics, JAK inhibitors) and local steroid injections, alongside physiotherapy.

Impact:

  • Facilitates timely diagnosis and management of JIA-related shoulder arthritis, potentially preventing long-term disability.
  • Informs a 'treat-to-target' approach for pediatric shoulder arthritis, improving patient outcomes.
  • Underscores the multidisciplinary approach, integrating pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy for comprehensive care in JIA.