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Effects of Nutritional Status on Treatment Outcomes and Prognosis of Infants With Bronchiolitis

Ruogu Yu1,2, Li Zhang1,2, Xuemei Li1,2

  • 1Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China.

Clinical Pediatrics
|May 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infant obesity worsens respiratory symptoms and increases future asthma risk following bronchiolitis. Addressing nutritional status is key for effective treatment and asthma prevention programs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis, commonly caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), affects infants globally.
  • Nutritional status is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing respiratory health and disease outcomes.
  • The long-term implications of infant nutritional status on post-bronchiolitis respiratory health require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nutritional status, particularly obesity, on the severity of bronchiolitis.
  • To determine the association between infant nutritional status and the development of asthma later in life.
  • To explore the relationship between nutritional status, inflammatory markers, and treatment efficacy in infants with bronchiolitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 473 infants diagnosed with RSV-induced bronchiolitis between 2015 and 2018.
  • Comparison of clinical outcomes, including respiratory distress, oxygen saturation, and wheezing, between infants with different nutritional statuses.
  • Assessment of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in relation to nutritional status.
  • Follow-up evaluation for asthma incidence in the cohort after a 5-year period.

Main Results:

  • Obese infants exhibited more severe respiratory distress, increased wheezing, rapid breathing, and lower oxygen saturation compared to non-obese infants.
  • Elevated levels of IgE and TNF-α were observed in the obese group, indicating persistent inflammation.
  • A significantly higher incidence of asthma was recorded in the cohort of infants who were obese during their initial bronchiolitis episode.
  • No significant demographic differences were noted between the obese and non-obese groups.

Conclusions:

  • Infant nutritional status, especially obesity, significantly influences the severity of bronchiolitis and treatment response.
  • Childhood obesity is a critical risk factor for developing asthma following an initial episode of bronchiolitis.
  • Nutritional assessment and obesity prevention strategies should be integrated into clinical management and public health programs for infant respiratory health and asthma prevention.

Keywords:
asthmabronchiolitisinfantnutritional statusobesity

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