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Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization01:21

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...

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Outcomes of No-Touch Vs Conventionally Harvested Saphenous Veins for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis Protocol.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
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Randomized Trials in Cardiac Surgery: Why and How.

Mario Gaudino1, Matthias Siepe2, Gavin J Murphy3

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
|May 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in cardiac surgery face challenges but recent efforts are improving participation. Future strategies are essential for advancing cardiac surgery through increased RCT adoption.

Keywords:
Cardiac surgeryRandomized control trials

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • Clinical Trials
  • Comparative Effectiveness Research

Background:

  • Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are crucial for comparative effectiveness but are underutilized in cardiac surgery due to unique challenges.
  • Addressing these barriers is vital for advancing evidence-based practice in the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the challenges hindering RCTs in cardiac surgery.
  • To describe recent initiatives mitigating these impediments.
  • To outline future opportunities for enhancing RCT adoption in cardiac surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Expert analysis based on discussions at the 2024 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Annual Meeting.
  • Review of trial-support infrastructures like ROMA Network, CTSN, GCRFF, and the UK Model.
  • Identification of mechanisms used to overcome RCT barriers and future trend postulation.

Main Results:

  • Various trial-support infrastructures aim to increase cardiac RCTs.
  • Strategies include enhancing trial participation through trainees, stakeholders, and patient recruitment.
  • Facilitating funding and fostering wider collaboration are key outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • RCTs are essential for clinical advancement in cardiac surgery but remain underutilized.
  • Recent initiatives have successfully reduced multifactorial barriers to cardiac surgery RCTs.
  • Continued intentional efforts are necessary to further advance the specialty through RCTs.