Cellulose-based potentiometric sensor array for simultaneous determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...

A cellulose based potentiometric sensor array with four selective conductive molecularly imprinted polymers (CMIPs) as sensing elements for the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ibuprofen (IBP), diclofenac (DIC), naproxen (NAP), and salicylic acid (SA)) simultaneously in biological fluids was introduced. For that purpose, cellulose papers became chemically conductive first. Subsequently, an electrochemical method fabricated a layer based on polypyrrole as a selective recognition element for each drug on the paper's substrate. Additionally, a cellulose-based adsorbent was fabricated and utilized in electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction (EC-SPME) for real sample clean-up before sensor array determination. Also, factors affecting the performance of the cellulose-based EC-SPME device were optimized. In the detection process, anionic Nernstian compliance for drugs was gained at -56.1 to -59.27 mV decade-1. Good linearities were achieved within the range of 0.12-1688 μM with the determination coefficients, R² ≥ 0.99, and the limits of detection values (LODs) were 0.05 to 0.25 μM. The effectiveness and reliability of a cellulose-based sensor array device for identifying pharmaceuticals in human serum and saliva samples were examined. Accordingly, it was discovered that the cellulose-based sensor array was a revolutionary production device for the effective, versatile, and selective determination of NSAIDs in biological fluids simultaneously.