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In vitro evaluation of slow-release urea compounds.

S W Ma1, J A Arce-Cordero2, R R Lobo1

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Slow-release urea (SRU) compounds altered ruminal fermentation but did not impact nutrient degradation or nitrogen utilization. SRU1 showed potential for improving fermentation, while different SRU compounds exhibited varied nitrogen release rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Ruminant Nutrition
  • Agricultural Chemistry

Background:

  • Nonprotein nitrogen sources are crucial for ruminant diets.
  • Slow-release urea (SRU) compounds offer potential for controlled nitrogen release.
  • Understanding SRU effects on ruminal fermentation and nutrient utilization is vital for optimizing animal nutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of different slow-release urea (SRU) compounds on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradation, and nitrogen utilization.
  • To assess the ammonia-N release rate of various SRU compounds in a batch culture system.
  • To compare the effects of SRU compounds against conventional urea in a continuous culture system.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Dual-flow continuous culture system with 4 treatments (control urea, 3 SRU compounds) in a 4x4 Latin square design.
  • Experiment 2: Batch culture system to determine ammonia-N release rates of SRU compounds.
  • Analysis included ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia-N kinetics, nutrient degradability, and nitrogen metabolism.

Main Results:

  • SRU compounds, particularly SRU1, influenced volatile fatty acid profiles, with SRU1 showing a lower acetate:propionate ratio and less protein degradation compared to control.
  • No significant effects of SRU treatments were observed on ruminal pH, ammonia-N kinetics, nutrient degradability, or overall nitrogen flow.
  • Experiment 2 revealed significant differences in nitrogen release rates among SRU compounds, with SRU1 releasing nitrogen faster than SRU2 and SRU3.

Conclusions:

  • Different SRU compounds exhibit distinct nitrogen release patterns, influencing ruminal fermentation.
  • While SRU1 demonstrated potential for favorable fermentation characteristics, overall nutrient degradability and nitrogen utilization were not improved.
  • The varying nitrogen release rates of SRU compounds necessitate careful consideration for their application in different ruminant diets.