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Updated: May 13, 2025

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Digital interventions for depressive symptoms: a randomized clinical trial.

Júlio César Bebber1, Bruno Braga Montezano2, Analise de Souza Vivan3

  • 1Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
|May 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Digital interventions like app-based therapy and online group CBT show potential for depression, though results were not statistically significant in this trial. Further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and scalability.

Keywords:
Depressiondepressive symptomsdigital interventiongroup cognitive-behavioral therapysmartphone applications

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Area of Science:

  • Digital mental health interventions
  • Clinical psychology
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Depression is a widespread mental health issue with limited treatment access.
  • Digital interventions present a scalable solution for evidence-based mental healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of an app-based intervention and online group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) for reducing depressive symptoms.
  • To compare these digital interventions against a waiting list control (WLC).

Main Methods:

  • A three-arm randomized clinical trial (N=109) with participants scoring ≥9 on PHQ-9.
  • Assessed depressive symptoms over 12 weeks; secondary outcomes included anxiety and loneliness.
  • Utilized t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests with false discovery rate adjustment.

Main Results:

  • Online group CBT (GCBT) significantly reduced anxiety symptoms (p=0.038).
  • Neither digital intervention demonstrated statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared to WLC.
  • High dropout rates (N=51) and a small final sample size (N=58) may have limited power.

Conclusions:

  • While GCBT showed promise for anxiety, both digital interventions require further investigation for depression.
  • High attrition rates and small sample size necessitate cautious interpretation of findings.
  • Future research should focus on long-term efficacy and scalability of digital mental health solutions.