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Effect of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on tumor suppressor pathways in mice tongue oral epithelial dysplasia.

Julieta Don1, Victoria Ferrero2, Tamara Mazo3

  • 1Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, INICSA-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma esq. Enf. Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Biología Bucal, Argentina.

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|May 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids may prevent premalignant tongue changes. Omega-6 rich oils increased dysplasia, while omega-3 rich oils showed protective effects in an in-vivo model.

Keywords:
DysplasiaOmega-3Omega-6PrimiRNA 34 b/cTP53Tongue

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Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Nutritional science
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Premalignant characteristics in tongue epithelial dysplasias are a concern.
  • The role of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in modulating these changes requires further investigation.
  • TP53 and specific primiRNAs are implicated in cellular development and cancer pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs on TP53 and primiRNA 34 b/c expression.
  • To assess the impact of these fatty acids on the development of premalignant characteristics in tongue epithelial dysplasias.
  • To investigate the in-vivo modulating effects of dietary lipids on dysplasia development.

Main Methods:

  • BALB/c mice were divided into omega-3 (fish oil) and omega-6 (corn oil) diet groups.
  • Tongue dysplasia was induced using 7,12-dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA).
  • Analysis included fatty acid levels, TP53/Ki67 immunostaining, Trp53R270H mutations, and primiRNA 34 b/c expression.

Main Results:

  • Mice fed omega-6 diets exhibited higher dysplasia and Ki67 immunostaining compared to omega-3 fed mice.
  • Omega-6 fed mice had higher arachidonic acid, while omega-3 fed mice had higher Ecosapentanoic acid and Docosahexanoic acid.
  • primiRNA-34 b/c was upregulated in mice fed omega-6 rich diets at 90 days.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary lipids significantly influence the development of DMBA-induced premalignant tongue features.
  • Lower intake of omega-6 rich oils and higher intake of omega-3 may prevent mucosal dysplasia.
  • This dietary approach could serve as an important preventive strategy for oral premalignancy.