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Abdominal tuberculosis: CT evaluation.

D H Hulnick, A J Megibow, D P Naidich

    Radiology
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Computed tomography (CT) scans reveal diverse abdominal tuberculosis manifestations, particularly in at-risk patients. Key findings include characteristic lymphadenopathy and ascites, aiding diagnosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Radiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Abdominal tuberculosis is a complex infection often seen in immunocompromised individuals.
    • Risk factors include intravenous drug abuse, alcoholism, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cirrhosis, and steroid therapy.
    • Accurate diagnosis relies on recognizing diverse imaging findings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To retrospectively analyze computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with abdominal tuberculosis.
    • To determine the spectrum and characteristic features of abdominal involvement.
    • To enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient management.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of CT scans from 27 patients diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis.
    • Analysis of imaging findings including adenopathy, organomegaly, ascites, and bowel involvement.

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  • Correlation of CT findings with patient risk factors and etiologic agents.

    • Main Results:

    • Common CT findings included adenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, ascites, and bowel involvement.
    • Characteristic features: prominent peripancreatic/mesenteric adenopathy, low-density nodal centers, complex ascites.
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the agent in most cases; M. avium-intracellulare identified in AIDS patients.

    Conclusions:

    • CT is crucial for identifying the extent of abdominal tuberculosis.
    • Specific CT features, especially in at-risk populations, aid in diagnosis.
    • Increased clinical suspicion and characteristic imaging findings improve management of intraabdominal tuberculosis.