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Related Concept Videos

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

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Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
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Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
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Are lateral lipid-phase diffusion coefficients pertinent to dermal absorption?

Junxi Wang1, Arne Nägel1, Gerald B Kasting2

  • 1Modular Supercomputing and Quantum Computing, Institute of Computer Science, Kettenhofweg 139, Goethe University, 60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|May 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The skin barrier

Keywords:
Anisotropic diffusionBrick-and-mortar modelsDermal absorptionIntercellular lipidLateral diffusionMathematical modelStratum corneumTransverse diffusion

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The stratum corneum (SC) is the skin's primary barrier, composed of corneocytes and lipid bilayers.
  • Lipid lamellar organization creates structural anisotropy, influencing solute transport.
  • The relative permeability of corneocytes versus intercellular lipids is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze solute diffusion within the SC.
  • To determine the influence of lipid diffusion coefficients on transdermal permeation.
  • To identify the dominant pathway for passive transdermal transport.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic analysis of solute diffusion within the SC.
  • Evaluation of lateral (D∥lip) and transverse (D⊥lip) lipid diffusion coefficients.
  • Modeling of transcellular versus intercellular transport pathways.

Main Results:

  • Lateral lipid diffusion (D∥lip) has a modest impact (∼2x) on overall permeation for most solutes.
  • Transverse lipid diffusion (D⊥lip) is the key parameter for transdermal transport.
  • Transcellular diffusion dominates passive permeation for most solutes.

Conclusions:

  • D⊥lip is crucial for SC diffusion models and should be used for nondimensionalization.
  • Understanding SC transport anisotropy is vital for drug delivery and barrier function.
  • Transcellular pathways are more significant than previously thought for passive diffusion.