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Soil Physics
Distribution Patterns And Influencing Factors Of Pfas In Soils: A Meta-analysis.

Distribution patterns and influencing factors of PFAS in soils: A meta-analysis.

Xin Yang¹, Chenzhuo Song¹, Mingxue Ren¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.

Environmental Research

|May 11, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread in global soils, with higher concentrations found in Europe, the U.S., and China. Soil properties and socioeconomic factors significantly influence PFAS distribution and trends.

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Environmental Chemistry
Soil Science

Background:

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants with increasing presence in soils.
Existing research on PFAS distribution predominantly focuses on water bodies, leaving soil investigations limited.
Understanding global soil PFAS contamination is crucial due to its role as a major environmental reservoir.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically investigate the global distribution and temporal trends of PFAS in soil.
To identify key soil properties and socioeconomic factors influencing PFAS soil contamination.
To analyze regional differences in emerging PFAS detection and prevalence.

Main Methods:

Compiled PFAS concentration data from scientific literature (2006-2024) and the Map of Forever Pollution in Europe.

Keywords:

Meta-analysis PFAS Socioeconomic factors Soil properties

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Performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of soil properties (texture, organic carbon, nitrogen, pH) and socioeconomic indicators (GDP, population density, industrialization) on PFAS levels.

Analyzed spatial heterogeneity and temporal trends of major PFAS compounds (PFOA, PFHxS, PFOS) and regional detection frequencies of emerging PFAS.

Main Results:

Global soil PFAS concentrations show spatial heterogeneity, with elevated levels in Europe, the U.S., and Eastern China (ranging from non-detectable to 1838 ng/g).
PFAS concentrations (PFOA, PFHxS, PFOS) generally decreased globally between 2005-2019, with sharper declines observed in the U.S. compared to China.
Soil properties and socioeconomic factors were identified as significant drivers of PFAS distribution, while emerging PFAS exhibited distinct regional prevalence patterns.

Conclusions:

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of PFAS soil pollution globally.
Identified key factors influencing PFAS distribution, aiding targeted research and management strategies.
Highlights the need for enhanced PFAS soil pollution monitoring, particularly in under-researched regions and high-contamination areas.

Spatial distribution

Temporal variation