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The POHaD paradigm: role of the placenta in paternal programming

Evangelina Capobianco1, Irune Pirrone1

  • 1Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Placenta
|May 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Fathers

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • The Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD) paradigm expands on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept.
  • Paternal pre-conceptional exposures, including metabolic disorders and lifestyle, can induce epigenetic changes in germ cells and semen.
  • The placenta plays a crucial role in fetal development and disease programming, influenced by the paternal genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on paternal programming of offspring health.
  • To highlight placental phenotype variations in paternal programming.
  • To examine the influence of paternal metabolic disorders on offspring metabolic pathologies via placental programming.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on paternal programming and metabolic diseases.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications in germ cells and semen components.
  • Examination of placental development and function in offspring of fathers with metabolic disorders.

Main Results:

  • Paternal exposures can lead to epigenetic marks affecting offspring health.
  • Placental phenotype variations are observed in offspring of metabolically challenged fathers.
  • Paternal obesity and diabetes are linked to offspring metabolic disease programming through placental pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Paternal factors significantly influence offspring health through epigenetic mechanisms.
  • The placenta is a key mediator in paternal programming of metabolic diseases.
  • Understanding paternal influences is crucial for preventing intergenerational metabolic disorders.

Keywords:
EpigeneticsFetal programmingPOHaDPaternal metabolismPlacenta

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