[Genetics of Motor Neuron Diseases and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia]

Motor neuron diseases encompass a range of phenotypes, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Related conditions include spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with proximal dominant involvement (HMSN-P). Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP)-a group of disorders primarily affecting the corticospinal tract-also exhibits diverse clinical manifestations. This review summarizes the genetic basis of these diseases, along with their clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and disease-specific therapies.