Urethrocavernous fistula: a case report and systematic review

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Vascular Surgery
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Urethrocavernous fistulas are uncommon connections between the urethra and corpora cavernosa.
• Often linked to trauma or interventions like priapism shunt surgery.
• Nonspecific symptoms such as urethrorrhagia and urinary retention can delay diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of urethrocavernous fistulas.
• To provide evidence-based insights for managing these rare conditions.
• To review a case report and existing literature.

Main Methods:

• A case report of a 22-year-old male with urethrocavernous fistula.
• Initial diagnostic imaging included urethroscopy and CT angiography.
• Definitive diagnosis via arteriography, followed by endovascular embolization with coils.

Main Results:

• The case presented with recurrent urethrorrhagia and urinary retention.
• Arteriography identified a right internal pudendal artery-cavernosal fistula.
• Successful definitive treatment achieved with non-absorbable coils, with 23-month symptom resolution.

Conclusions:

• Urethrocavernous fistulas are rare with heterogeneous presentations and outcomes.
• Standardized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols are essential.
• Conservative management or surgery may be indicated, while embolization requires further study.