[Biosynthesis of ganoderic acid and its derivatives]

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Synthetic Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Ganoderic acid, a key component of Ganoderma lucidum, possesses significant antioxidant, anti-tumor, and immune-enhancing properties.
• Traditional extraction methods yield low amounts of ganoderic acid due to its low content and complex processes, resulting in high costs.
• The complete biosynthetic pathways and molecular regulatory mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (GLTs) remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze the latest research on the biosynthesis pathways and metabolic regulation of GLTs.
• To focus on the configuration, biosynthetic pathways, key enzyme genes, transcription factors, and signal transduction mechanisms involved in ganoderic acid production.
• To provide a theoretical basis for improving efficient production of triterpenoid pharmacological components and utilizing Ganoderma lucidum resources.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on ganoderic acid biosynthesis and metabolic regulation.
• Analysis of key regulatory enzyme genes and their functions in GLT synthesis.
• Exploration of synthetic biology approaches for large-scale GLT production.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made in understanding ganoderic acid biosynthesis at the molecular level through synthetic biology.
• Key regulatory enzyme genes and transcription factors involved in ganoderic acid production have been identified.
• Optimization of synthetic biology and culture conditions has enabled large-scale cellular production of GLTs.

Conclusions:

• Synthetic biology offers a powerful approach to elucidate and engineer ganoderic acid biosynthesis pathways.
• Understanding metabolic regulation is crucial for enhancing the efficient production of valuable triterpenoids from Ganoderma species.
• This review provides insights for the further exploitation and utilization of Ganoderma lucidum resources for pharmaceutical applications.