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Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

19.0K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...
19.0K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

20.4K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
20.4K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

5.6K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the...
5.6K
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism01:10

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

2.9K
Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The...
2.9K
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

2.5K
Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction...
2.5K
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

2.0K
One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.0K

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Updated: May 13, 2025

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
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Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes

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Pnictogen-functionalised isocyanide ligands.

Ryan M Kirk1, Anthony F Hill1

  • 1Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, ACT 2601, Australia. a.hill@anu.edu.au.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New phosphino, arsino, and stibino-isonitrile complexes were synthesized. These novel compounds, featuring heavier pnictogens, allow for detailed crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyanometallate salts are versatile precursors in coordination chemistry.
  • Pnictogen functionalization of isonitrile ligands is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel isonitrile complexes functionalized with heavier pnictogens (P, As, Sb).
  • To explore the structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of these new complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of cyanometallate salts with di-tert-butylchlorophosphine, -arsine, and -stibine.
  • Crystallographic analysis (X-ray diffraction).
  • Spectroscopic characterization (IR, NMR).
  • Computational studies (DFT).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of phosphino, arsino, and stibino-isonitrile complexes with various metal centers (W, Cr, Mo, Mn, Re, Fe).
  • Detailed structural and electronic information obtained through crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational methods.
  • Demonstrated the utility of these complexes for studying the impact of heavier pnictogens on isonitrile ligand behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The study introduces a new class of isonitrile complexes bearing heavier pnictogen substituents.
  • These complexes provide a platform for in-depth investigation into the electronic and steric effects of pnictogen atoms in organometallic compounds.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of ligand design and reactivity in coordination chemistry.