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Telomeres and Telomerase: Targets for Chemoprevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Bioactive Food Compounds.

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Bioactive food compounds (BFCs) can modulate telomerase activity, offering potential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevention. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted HCC chemoprevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Telomere maintenance by telomerase is vital in aging and cancer.
  • TERT promoter mutations are common in cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Telomere shortening contributes to preneoplastic conditions like cirrhosis in HCC development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the role of bioactive food compounds (BFCs) in modulating telomerase activity during hepatocarcinogenesis.
  • To explore how BFCs influence telomerase activity in the context of HCC development.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies on BFCs and telomerase activity in hepatocarcinogenesis.
  • Categorization of BFCs into fatty acids, isoprenoids, isothiocyanates, and phenolic compounds.
  • Analysis of BFCs in isolated form or as extracts.

Main Results:

  • BFCs modulate telomerase through mechanisms like inhibiting TERT promoter activators, activating nuclear receptors, and histone H3 hyperacetylation.
  • Telomerase can also be indirectly modulated by BFCs via antioxidant defense pathways.
  • BFCs show potential in reducing HCC incidence or delaying its onset by affecting telomerase.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding telomerase reactivation and its modulation by BFCs is key for HCC chemoprevention.
  • Targeting telomerase with BFCs presents a promising strategy for HCC prevention.
  • Further research into BFC mechanisms can refine HCC chemoprevention approaches.