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Related Concept Videos

Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

5.1K
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.2K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

2.6K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.0K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.0K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

2.7K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Updated: May 13, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic&#8211;Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
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Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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Low-Temperature Melt-Processable Polymer Semiconductors with Large-Ring Crown Ether Side Chains for High-Performance

Yu Zhang1, Dongdong Chang1, Zhihui Wang2

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed melt-processable polymer semiconductors using large-ring crown ether side chains. This eco-friendly method enables low-temperature fabrication of high-performance organic electronics with enhanced charge transport.

Keywords:
friction transfermelt processingmolecular orientationpolymer semiconductorside chain engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymer semiconductors are key to organic electronics but often require hazardous solvents for processing.
  • Melt processing offers a sustainable alternative, but high melting points of high-performance polymers hinder its application.
  • Achieving both low melt temperatures and high charge transport in polymer semiconductors is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a molecular design strategy for enhancing the melt processability of conjugated polymers.
  • To develop a sustainable and defect-free fabrication method for polymer semiconductor films.
  • To investigate the relationship between molecular design, film morphology, and charge transport properties.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular design incorporating large-ring crown ether (LCE) side chains into conjugated polymers.
  • Melt friction transfer processing for fabricating highly aligned polymer films.
  • Fabrication and characterization of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).
  • Aggregation structure analysis using advanced techniques.

Main Results:

  • Reduced polymer melting temperatures to as low as 70 °C.
  • Achieved carrier mobility up to 1.06 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ in aligned polymer semiconductor films, a 2.5-fold increase compared to non-oriented films.
  • Demonstrated LCE side chains facilitate bimodal texture formation for 3D charge transport pathways.
  • Successful fabrication of high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) via melt processing.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular design strategy using LCE side chains effectively enhances melt processability and charge transport in polymer semiconductors.
  • Melt friction transfer processing enables the fabrication of highly aligned, high-performance polymer films.
  • This approach provides a scalable, eco-friendly route for producing advanced organic electronic devices.