Hepatobiliary Cancers in Saudi Arabia From 2000 to 2025

Hepatobiliary cancers present a significant challenge to global health. Saudi Arabia and adjacent Gulf nations experience considerable impacts from these cancers. Numerous risk factors have contributed to the increasing prevalence of these cancers. The primary cases are linked to several factors, including hepatitis viral infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, obesity or being overweight, liver cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hemochromatosis, aflatoxins, anabolic steroids, and genetic predisposition. Data regarding hepatobiliary cancers is scarcely obtained from Saudi Arabia. This research aims to clarify the epidemiology and risk factors linked to hepatobiliary cancers in Saudi Arabia. Our investigation revealed a lack of studies that collectively examine hepatocellular cancers in Saudi Arabia, highlighting a distinctive element of the current review. To determine the incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and other epidemiological metrics of hepatobiliary cancer in Saudi Arabia, a search was conducted using Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and relevant public databases that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. An electronic search was conducted using various keywords related to hepatobiliary cancer in Saudi Arabia. In summary, hepatobiliary cancers exhibit significant prevalence in Saudi Arabia, especially liver cancer. Commonly recognized risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus encompass tobacco and alcohol consumption, obesity or overweight status, and viral hepatitis.