Post-obstructive Acute Kidney Injury Due to a Retroperitoneal Mass

This case report discusses post-obstructive acute kidney injury (AKI) in a 26-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and uterine fibroids. The patient's AKI was diagnosed through elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and confirmed by transabdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan, which revealed severe bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. The patient underwent fluoroscopic and sonographic bilateral nephrostomy tube placement, which significantly improved renal function. An exploratory laparotomy and superficial mass biopsy indicated a retroperitoneal tumor consisting of fibroadipose and muscular tissue with focal suppurative inflammation. The patient's renal function normalized by discharge. This case underscores the importance of early recognition, radiological evaluation, and timely intervention in managing AKI secondary to obstructive uropathy and calls for further research on optimal management strategies for AKI secondary to primary retroperitoneal masses.