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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
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Reactive Arthritis.

Carolina António Santos1, Frederico Trigueiros2, Inês Machado Leite3

  • 1Serviço Medicina de Interna, Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|May 12, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reports a rare case of reactive arthritis in an elderly woman, triggered by Clostridioides difficile infection. Prompt treatment with NSAIDs led to full recovery, highlighting this condition

Keywords:
Clostridioides difficileHLA-B27Reactive arthritispseudomembranous enterocolitisspondyloarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Reactive arthritis is a seronegative spondylarthritis typically affecting young adults, often following infection.
  • Recent research suggests an emerging association between reactive arthritis and Clostridioides difficile infections.
  • The condition is characterized by joint inflammation occurring after a gastrointestinal or urogenital infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case study of reactive arthritis in an elderly patient.
  • To highlight the association between Clostridioides difficile and reactive arthritis in older individuals.
  • To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of this rare condition in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an 88-year-old woman admitted with pseudomembranous enterocolitis and acute renal lesion.
  • Observation of axial oligoarthritis development 11 days after symptom onset.
  • Clinical assessment including inflammatory markers, HLA-B27, rheumatoid factor, and anti-CCP antibody testing.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with axial oligoarthritis, elevated inflammatory parameters, positive HLA-B27, and seronegativity for rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP.
  • Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs resulted in symptom resolution and normalization of inflammatory markers.
  • No recurrence of symptoms was observed during one year of follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive arthritis is a rare but possible diagnosis in the elderly, even with atypical triggers like Clostridioides difficile.
  • Early diagnosis and management, including anti-inflammatory treatment, are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • This case underscores the evolving understanding of post-infectious syndromes and their triggers.