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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials
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Piezo Channels in Dentistry: Decoding the Functional Effects of Forces.

J Lai1, Q Wu1, B Gao1

  • 1Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Journal of Dental Research
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Piezo channels are key mechanosensors in the mouth, translating mechanical forces into cellular signals. Inhibiting these channels offers potential treatments for oral diseases like dentin hypersensitivity and TMJ osteoarthritis.

Keywords:
calciumcellular mechanotransductionmechanical stresspiezo1 proteinpiezo2 proteinsignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Oral Biology

Background:

  • The oral system is a complex mechanosensory structure.
  • Mechanical forces influence cellular activities and gene expression in oral tissues.
  • Piezo channels (Piezo1 and Piezo2) are critical mechanotransducers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Piezo channels in dentistry.
  • To elucidate Piezo channel-mediated signal crosstalk in oral diseases.
  • To highlight therapeutic prospects for force-related oral conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on Piezo channels in oral tissues.
  • Analysis of Piezo channel function in response to mechanical stimuli.
  • Examination of genetic and chemical inhibition studies.

Main Results:

  • Piezo channels convert mechanical forces into biochemical signals, regulating cellular activities.
  • Ca2+ influx through Piezo channels impacts dentin hypersensitivity, bone remodeling, and TMJ osteoarthritis.
  • Inhibition of Piezo channels alleviates dentinal hypersensitivity and slows TMJ osteoarthritis progression in models.

Conclusions:

  • Piezo channels are vital for decoding mechanical forces in the oral cavity.
  • Targeting Piezo channels presents therapeutic opportunities for various oral diseases.
  • Understanding Piezo channel crosstalk is crucial for developing novel treatments.