A review on accessible techniques for the management of rice false smut: recent research and future outlook

Rice false smut is an emerging threat to rice cultivation. Raising awareness about disease management strategies among scientists and rice growers is crucial to mitigating its impact. Modern advancements, including omics-based approaches such as genome assisted breeding, genetic engineering, genome editing, and nanotechnology, play a crucial role in developing effective management strategies to combat false smut. The world's rice supply is at risk from the fungal disease Ustilaginoidea virens, which causes rice false smut (RFS), can lead to significant production losses and quality degradation. In the past few decades, numerous strategies have been developed to combat this pervasive sickness, ranging from advanced biotechnology interventions to traditional farming practices. The development of nanotechnology has opened up new avenues for combating RFS by offering innovative ways to increase the precision and effectiveness of disease control tactics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the long term strategies for managing rice fake smut, focusing on using multi-omics approaches combined with nanotechnology. Over the years, various strategies, from advanced biotechnology to traditional farming, have been developed to combat this disease. Nanotechnology offers innovative and efficient solutions for RFS management. We examined the past background of RFS management while assessing the merits and drawbacks of traditional techniques. Then, we explored the most recent developments in nano-technological applications like nano-pesticides, nanosensors, and nanoformulations, diagnostics developments, genome editing, molecular breeding along with metabolic engineering emphasizing how they could transform RFS control in different rice-growing areas globally. The current review is scrutinizes the foremost obstacles and applying sophisticated techniques for the management of RFS. The goal of this review is to close the gap between conventional wisdom and contemporary advancements by providing a comprehensive analysis of the diverse strategies needed to lessen the negative effects of RFS on the world's food security.