Italian nurses abroad: insights into motivations, challenges, and opportunities

Nursing migration to other countries has led to a reduction in the nursing workforce in Italy, resulting in increased workload and burnout for remaining staff.

To evaluate the perceptions and experiences of Italian nurses who decided to work abroad.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using an ad hoc online questionnaire.

This study explored the perceptions and experiences of 244 Italian nurses working abroad. The primary motivations included personal growth, economic dissatisfaction in Italy, and exposure to new cultures. Most participants worked in Europe, particularly England and Germany. Although 71% found the documentation process straightforward, 23% faced adjustment challenges, often citing cultural differences and language barriers. Nurses abroad reported high job satisfaction (mean score=135.13), linked to better salaries and career opportunities. Most participants (93%) recommended working abroad but emphasised systemic reforms in the Italian healthcare system, including competitive salaries, recognition of qualifications, and improved recruitment processes, to retain skilled nurses and prevent 'brain drain'.

The Italian healthcare system must learn from the successful models adopted abroad to improve working conditions and counter the migration of skilled professionals. Beyond economic incentives, this study highlights the need for greater recognition of nurses' roles, both socially and professionally. Improving work environments and fostering respect and empowerment can reduce migration and ensure the sustainability of healthcare services while preparing future generations to deliver high-quality care.