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Updated: May 14, 2025

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Localized tension-induced giant folding in unstructured elastic sheets.

Kexin Guo1, Marc Suñé2, Ming Li Kwok1

  • 1School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Localized tension-induced giant (TUG) folding causes large transverse folding in unstructured sheets under longitudinal tension. This phenomenon, driven by efficient load transfer, offers new possibilities for material and structural design.

Keywords:
bucklingmetamaterialsplate theory

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanics of Materials
  • Elastic Instability
  • Geometric Mechanics

Background:

  • Buckling in compression is a classic example of elastic instability in thin structures.
  • Recent research shows tension can induce out-of-plane deformation in structured sheets, with applications in morphing structures and grippers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate and investigate counterintuitive out-of-plane folding in unstructured isotropic sheets under localized longitudinal tension.
  • To introduce and define "localized tension-induced giant (TUG) folding".

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of folding behavior in response to localized tension.
  • Computational simulations to analyze the underlying mechanics.
  • Derivation of scaling laws for folding angle versus applied strain.

Main Results:

  • Localized uniaxial tension induces significant out-of-plane folding (TUG folding) in unstructured isotropic sheets.
  • This folding arises from an efficient geometric transfer of tensile load into compression.
  • Scaling results for folding angle match experimental and simulation data.

Conclusions:

  • Localized TUG folding is a generic phenomenon occurring in unstructured materials under specific tensile loading.
  • The mechanism relies on geometric load redistribution, not material microstructure.
  • This finding broadens the potential applications of tension-induced folding across various materials and structures.