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Cancer Survival Analysis

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Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...

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Prognostic Significance of the BALAD Serological Model in Systemic Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A

Hidenori Toyoda¹, Atsushi Hiraoka², Hironori Ochi³

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan.

JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics

|May 12, 2025

Summary

The BALAD score effectively predicts survival and treatment response in advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving systemic therapy. This scoring system enhances prognostic accuracy for HCC outcomes.

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Published on: September 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research
Biomarker Discovery
Clinical Prognostics

Background:

The BALAD score, utilizing five serum markers, predicts survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
Its prognostic value in advanced unresectable HCC (uHCC) undergoing systemic therapy requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the prognostic capability of the BALAD score in patients with advanced uHCC receiving systemic therapies.
To assess the correlation between the BALAD score and survival outcomes (OS, PFS) and treatment response (ORR, DCR).

Main Methods:

A multicenter cohort of 1,510 advanced uHCC patients treated with first-line systemic therapies was analyzed.
Baseline BALAD scores were calculated from pretreatment serum levels.
Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) were assessed.

Main Results:

Across sorafenib, lenvatinib, and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab regimens, higher BALAD scores correlated with poorer OS, PFS, ORR, and DCR.
The BALAD score independently predicted survival and treatment response irrespective of the specific systemic therapy used.
Treatment benefits varied based on the patient's BALAD score.

Conclusions:

The BALAD score demonstrates strong prognostic ability for OS and PFS in advanced uHCC patients undergoing systemic therapy.
It is associated with treatment response, offering precise outcome prediction for individual patients and subgroups.
The BALAD score enhances precision in predicting outcomes for advanced HCC patients receiving systemic treatments.