Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

93
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
93
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

131
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
131
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

251
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
251
Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

215
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
215
Vision01:24

Vision

52.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
52.4K
Synesthesia01:27

Synesthesia

94
Synesthesia is a remarkable condition where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. People with synesthesia experience a blending or crossing of their senses, such as sight and sound, leading to cross-modal sensations. In this condition, the stimulation of one sense, such as hearing a number or musical note, triggers an experience of another sense, like sensing a specific color, taste, or smell. People...
94

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bypass language <i>en route</i> to meaning at your peril.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2023
Same author

Braille literacy as a human right: A challenge to the "inefficiency" argument against braille instruction.

International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie·2022
Same author

Culture is not destiny, for reading: highlighting variable routes to literacy within writing systems.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2022
Same author

The role of word knowledge in error detection: a challenge to the broken error monitor account of dyslexia.

Annals of dyslexia·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2025

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.3K

Does heightened perceptual encoding in blind individuals extend to word learning?

Lindsay N Harris1, Marissa R Bamberger1

  • 1Department of Leadership, Educational Psychology and Foundations and the Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language and Literacy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.

Cognitive Neuropsychology
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Blind individuals utilize perceptual encoding for memory, even when semantic encoding suffices. This automatic process aids recall of sensory details, suggesting potential benefits and costs in memory encoding strategies.

Keywords:
Word learningblindnessbrailleperceptual encoding

More Related Videos

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
08:17

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

10.5K
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

237

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2025

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.3K
A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
08:17

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

10.5K
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

237

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • Sighted individuals typically use semantic encoding for memory, abstracting meaning.
  • Blind individuals often employ perceptual encoding, focusing on sensory details.
  • The extent to which blind individuals use perceptual encoding in tasks requiring semantic encoding is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if blind individuals use perceptual encoding in a word-learning task.
  • To compare memory encoding strategies between blind braille readers and sighted print readers.
  • To determine if perceptual encoding is automatically deployed by blind individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied definitions of words presented in spoken or written form.
  • Blind braille readers and sighted print readers recalled words and indicated presentation modality.
  • Memory recall and modality recognition were analyzed for both groups.

Main Results:

  • Blind participants demonstrated superior recall of word presentation modality, even for visually presented words.
  • This suggests blind individuals automatically engage perceptual encoding, irrespective of task demands.
  • Sighted participants relied more on semantic information, as expected.

Conclusions:

  • Blind individuals' use of perceptual encoding extends to semantic tasks, indicating automatic deployment.
  • This automatic perceptual encoding may have implications for memory efficiency and strategy.
  • Further research is needed on individual differences and the adaptive nature of perceptual encoding.