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Differential modulation of sensorimotor network between temporal interference and high-definition direct current

Zhu Zhiqiang1, Dongsheng Tang1, Lang Qin1

  • 1School of Kinesiology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|May 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) and high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) both enhance sensorimotor network connectivity. TIS shows superior efficacy, improving network efficiency and broader brain network connections compared to HD-tDCS.

Keywords:
functional networknetwork topologynon-invasive brain stimulationsensorimotor networktemporal interference stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Network Analysis
  • Neuromodulation Techniques

Background:

  • The efficacy of Temporal Interference Stimulation (TIS) in modulating brain networks is largely unexplored.
  • Comparing TIS with established methods like High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) is crucial for understanding their differential impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the differential effects of TIS and HD-tDCS on resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and brain network topology.
  • Specifically investigate their impact on the sensorimotor network (SMN).

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, crossover study involving 40 healthy adults.
  • Both TIS and HD-tDCS were applied targeting the left primary motor cortex (M1).
  • Resting-state fMRI data were analyzed using Dosenbach atlas and Yeo parcellation for FC and graph-theoretical measures.

Main Results:

  • Both TIS and HD-tDCS enhanced SMN connectivity, with TIS showing greater efficacy (31.25% vs 22.58% FC increase).
  • TIS significantly improved SMN global and local efficiencies (15.44% and 18.85%), outperforming HD-tDCS (11.97% and 12.5%).
  • TIS demonstrated broader effects, enhancing connections within visual, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal networks, while HD-tDCS had a more limited impact.

Conclusions:

  • TIS and HD-tDCS both enhance sensorimotor network functional connectivity.
  • TIS exhibits superior efficacy and broader network modulation compared to HD-tDCS.
  • TIS represents a potentially more effective neuromodulation technique for brain network enhancement.