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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of an In Vitro Model to Study Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Its Impact on Airway Epithelial Cells in COPD Research

Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of an In Vitro Model to Study Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Its Impact on Airway Epithelial Cells in COPD Research

Published on: July 12, 2024

Lung Function Decline and Airflow Limitation Risk in Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry Subtypes by Smoking Status.

Cuiqiong Dai¹, Fan Wu², Jia Tian³

¹State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & National Center for Respiratory Medicine & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

|May 12, 2025

Summary

Pre-respiratory illness syndrome (PRISm) may precede COPD in both smokers and never-smokers. Both never-smokers with PRISm (NS-PRISm) and ever-smokers with PRISm (ES-PRISm) show increased airflow limitation risk.

Keywords:

PRISm airflow limitation lung function decline smoking status

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Last Updated: May 14, 2025

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Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

Published on: January 16, 2015

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Respiratory Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Pre-respiratory illness syndrome (PRISm) is recognized as a precursor to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
However, the influence of smoking status on the progression from PRISm to COPD remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether annual lung function decline and the risk of developing airflow limitation differ among subtypes of PRISm based on smoking status.
To compare these outcomes between never-smokers with PRISm (NS-PRISm), ever-smokers with PRISm (ES-PRISm), and a healthy control group.

Main Methods:

Analysis of a 15-year population-based prospective cohort study involving 2850 participants.
Categorization of participants into three groups: normal controls (never-smokers with normal spirometry), NS-PRISm, and ES-PRISm.
Comparison of annual lung function decline rates and the incidence of airflow limitation across the defined groups.

Main Results:

The ES-PRISm group exhibited a significantly faster annual lung function decline and a higher risk of developing airflow limitation compared to the NS-PRISm group.
Both NS-PRISm and ES-PRISm groups demonstrated an increased risk of airflow limitation compared to the normal control group.
Further analysis of ES-PRISm revealed that current and former smokers with PRISm showed accelerated lung function decline and elevated airflow limitation risk relative to NS-PRISm.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that both NS-PRISm and ES-PRISm are potential precursors to COPD.
PRISm should be considered in both smoking and non-smoking populations for COPD risk assessment.
Early identification and intervention for PRISm are crucial for preventing COPD development.