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Advances in endovascular brain computer interface: Systematic review and future implications.

Julien Ognard¹, Gerard El Hajj², Onam Verma³

¹Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Univ Brest, LATIM, INSERM UMR1101, CHU Brest, France.

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

|May 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Endovascular brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer a less invasive way to control devices using neural signals. Early studies show promising results in paralyzed patients, but more research is needed for wider use.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience
Medical Technology

Background:

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) translate neural activity into commands.
Traditional invasive BCIs require craniotomy.
Endovascular BCIs utilize the venous system for minimally invasive electrode placement.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of endovascular BCIs.
To evaluate the potential of endovascular approaches as an alternative to invasive BCIs.
To discuss the future implications of endovascular BCI technology.

Main Methods:

Systematic review conducted per PRISMA guidelines.
Searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
Included studies reporting on endovascular BCIs in preclinical or clinical settings, focusing on electrode material, recording capabilities, safety, and efficacy.

Main Results:

26 studies met inclusion criteria from 1385 initial publications.
The Stentrode device was investigated in seventeen studies.
Preclinical models demonstrated stable neural recordings; two clinical studies showed six ALS patients achieving digital communication.
Key challenges include thrombosis risk, electrode stability, and anatomical variability.

Conclusions:

Endovascular BCIs show promising results with reduced invasiveness and comparable recording fidelity.
Clinical data are currently limited, necessitating further research.
Optimization of signal processing, electrode biocompatibility, and endovascular procedures is required for broader clinical application.